Cubital tunnel syndrome, the second most common nerve compression syndrome after carpal tunnel syndrome, frequently occurs when the ulnar nerve, one of the three major nerves supplying the arm, forearm, and hand (alongside the radial and median nerves), becomes compressed as it passes through the inner side of the elbow, originating from the lower vertebrae of the neck. This compression leads to the innervation of the inner aspect of the forearm (specifically the pinky finger side), as well as partial innervation of the ring finger and associated hand muscles.
CAUSES:
The causes of this syndrome are often associated with continuous and repetitive strain on the elbow, direct impact to the elbow, post-fracture conditions, rheumatic diseases, and osteoarthritis.
SYMPTOMS:
Common symptoms include pain and tingling sensations in the pinky finger side of the hand and forearm, accompanied by elbow pain. Numbness, loss of sensation, and a sensation of coldness may also be experienced in the area where the affected nerve is distributed. Weakness and muscle atrophy in the affected region and the intrinsic hand muscles can lead to a claw-like appearance of the hand.
Diagnosis typically involves a combination of physical examination, X-ray imaging, and electromyography (EMG) to confirm the presence of cubital tunnel syndrome and differentiate it from other conditions such as cervical herniation, osteoarthritis, thoracic outlet syndrome, and lung masses.
Treatment options focus on limiting elbow movements through the use of splints in an extended position, providing support to the affected area with soft cushions, and employing corticosteroid injections and physical therapy to reduce swelling and irritation of the nerve. In advanced cases, surgical decompression may be necessary to alleviate pressure on the nerve and restore normal function.
